What does "Ukishima" mean?
It roughly means "The Floating World," which is another term used to describe Japan. The first drafts were actually titled "The Floating World," but I changed the title about three years ago. Don't know why I didn't do it sooner.
Ukishima takes place in an alternate, fantastical version of Japan. What inspired you to choose this setting? What kind of research did you do in order to depict the culture and the lore?
I chose Japan for a number of reasons, one being that I
happen to enjoy samurai films, and I’d read a lot about the history of
samurai. I also wanted to do something
different. I’m hardly a fan of high
fantasy, but it seemed to me that increasingly fantasy writers were so heavily
engaged with medieval, Western, Celtic and Christian lore, and its annoying
absolutes regarding good and evil, as well as with trying to write either the
next “Lord of Sha-na-na-nah” pastiche of Tolkein or the umpteenth version of
Conan and other barbarians that the field seemed void of any hope and in danger
of being terminally cloying.
I can’t tell you how many times I was sick of seeing or
reading about unicorns and heroic little people with hairy feet. So I decided to shake things up and do
something different, with a different set of morality and values of good and evil, and of less familiar and
even alien mythologies. In retrospect, I
guess it was a bit arrogant on my part, but
then again I’ve always been something of a contrarian.
What I did do was decided to research the subject intensely. It helped that I was already a journalist and was working
toward a doctorate in history—although not Japanese history—and the University
of Oklahoma, where I studied, had a terrific historian of Japan, the late
Sidney V. Brown, with whom I took a direct reading course and whom I thank in
the dedication. He was a fantastic
teacher and scholar who had actually been honored by the Japanese government
for his work. He recommended some
incredible material on the shogunate, especially the Tokugawa, or Edo, Period,
which ended in the mid-1800s. That supplement my own research on the 12th
century Minamoto Period and on ninjitsu.
The protagonist, Ichiro, is a man out of time and an honorable hero.
What was it like developing his character?
Actually, Ichiro was a pleasure to create. I don’t think I’ve ever had an easier time
developing a protagonist. He was a
synthesis of Yoshitsune, the Minamoto warrior whose part of Japanese folklore
and legend, and the 20th century Japanese novelist Yukio
Mishima. Mishima, who publicly committed
seppukku, provided some of the background material for Ichiro’s personal
history. Then again, Mishima’s
personality also heavily colors the character of my villain, Lord Taira.
Ichiro faces off with adversary after adversary, most of which are
supernatural beasts and demons. How did you come up with so many creatures? How
many were based on Japanese mythology, and how many were your own?
Actually, nearly all the adversaries are directly from Japanese
mythology, from the dragons, to the tengu, and even the Ainu bear goddess. What are probably my own creations are the
demon in the rancid pool and the undead samurai. Everything else is Japanese, even the segment
about the gigantic spider, which is directly from a traditional folktale. Another folk tale forms the basis for the
ghost episode toward the end where the
young monk is protected by prayers painted on his body, except for his
ears. Even the part where the characters
hide in the “honeypots” is taken from an event in the life of a famed
ninja. Oddly, I think I had more fun
with that scene than with most others.
One aspect of Ukishima that stood out to me was that there are a
handful of scenes discussing the blend between male and female. What inspired
you to write about this subject?
Well, the idea of sexual or gender identity has long
fascinated me, and it naturally fit right into the Japanese idea of futa, as exemplified in the
transgendered hentai—Japanese
pornographic cartoons—known as futanari,
which feature hermaphrodite or transexual characters known as dick-girls. This blend of the sexes is also at the core
of In and Yo, the Japanese version of
Yin and Yang, which have definite masculine and femine attributes but must be
balance for stability. It’s not limited
to the Japanese, as that fascination with the transgendered certainoly dates at
least as far back as the Romans.
Another reason for this comes from the biographical material
on Mishima I used in Ichiro’s back story, and from the fact that homosexuality
among males is actually referenced, if a little obliquely, in bushido, the samurai warrior’s
code. It also shows up in early imperial
Japanese poetry, so to ignore it would hardly have been true to the background
of my novel.
Were there any parts of Ukishima that you especially enjoyed
writing? Any that you found particularly difficult?
I enjoyed some of the earliest scenes, sent in World War II,
where I got to write about the kamikaze
pilots and the strange blend of bravery, loyalty, devotion, naivete,
cold-blooded calculation and stupidity they displayed, although I suspect most
warriors in most societies share that in greater or lesser degrees.
I actually wrote those quite a while back, when I briefly
thought I wanted a degree in psychology and had a chance to work with
chimps. I volunteered to spend one night
watching a pregnant chimp and alerting the staff when she began to
deliver. It was incredibly boring, so I
used to time to just start writing.
Needless to say the chimp didn’t have her baby until several hours after
my shift ended.
What I wrote became the start of the novel and part of the
first 200 pages I submitted in a novel writing class I took. I got an “A” in part because I’d gotten a lot
written before I took the class.
And, as I mentioned earlier, I enjoyed writing the honey pot
scene, which is part of the episode in which Ichiro and his cadre rescue the
young emperor. That was fun in part
because the oafish, thick-headed, bumbling oni
who guarded the emperor were just hilarious to make.
The most difficult sections I wrote during the time my first
wife and I were getting divorced. She
was an American, well-versed in philosophy and a practicing Buddhist who spent
time as a nun so she could tell me a lot about monastic life. She was a wonderful person but unfortunately
she was also extremely bipolar and finally I couldn’t live that anymore. So I’d go to a local coffee shop near the OU
campus in Norman and spend three or four hours writing in longhand in a
journal, usually only finishing when the place closed. I actually met a number of people who ended
up as characters in my young adult novel
Chris and the Vampire, which came out
in 2010. Even the coffee shop itself
makes an appearance.
If the god Hachiman whisked you away from Virginia and told you that
you had to live in the Japan of Ukishima but could choose any lifestyle
you wanted—samurai, monk, ninja, etc.—what would you choose?
Probably a scholar or teacher. I’m essentially a non-violent person, so I’d
make a terrible warrior. I dislike religion and love sex too much to be a monk,
and I’m certainly not agile enough to be a ninja.
What influences your writing? Authors you particularly admire? Subjects
you enjoy studying? Places that inspire you?
Surprisingly, I’m not influenced much by mythology, legend,
lore, or religion. My work usually
reflects my interests in popular culture, twentieth century America, labor and
social history, and, of late, the history of crime and violence. My current non-fiction project involves a
serial poisoner, bigamist, confidence man in early 20th century
Chicago. He was definitely not somebody
anyone would find believable if he were a character in a novel.
I’m fairly eclectic as to writers who influence me. My favorite writers include William Gibson,
Bruce Sterling, Ursula K. LeGuin, and the late James Blish, whose A Case of Conscience remains one of the
greatest science fiction novels ever written.
I also like Kathy Reich’s forensic thrillers and the overall wonderful
nuttiness and hilarity of Daniel Pinkwater.
Non-fiction writers who inspire me include Erik Larsen (Devil in the White City) and Harold
Schechter (The Devil’s Gentleman,
and, Deranged), who writes historical
true crime works and a series of novels with Edgar Allan Poe as the detective.
Are you working on anything new?
I’m just working out the characters and overall plot
elements for an as yet untitled novel that I hope might become a series rather
like Jim Butcher’s “Harry Dresden” novels, which I really enjoy but know I
could never emulate, although I has inspired me. The main character is a police detective who
also happens to be a vampire (yeah, I know it sounds cliché) but he
investigates horrific murders. The
novels are set in Oklahoma City, where I grew up, and the first book uses
several real, very grisly murders that remain unsolved but may be the work of a
serial killer.
I want to make these sort a noir, horror, and science
fiction synthesis that makes Oklahoma City as sinister as any other city—which
is actually not that big a stretch as it might seem.